What is Cyanotype?
Cyanotype is a photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print. It was invented in the 19th century by Sir John Herschel, a British scientist and astronomer. The process involves coating a surface, typically paper or fabric, with a light-sensitive solution containing iron salts. When exposed to ultraviolet light, the iron salts react and form a blue pigment called Prussian blue. The result is a unique and striking image with a distinctive blue hue.
The History of Cyanotype
The cyanotype process was first introduced by Sir John Herschel in 1842 as a way to create copies of notes and diagrams. However, it quickly gained popularity among artists and photographers for its artistic potential. The process was particularly favored by botanists and architects, as it allowed them to create detailed blueprints and blueprints of their work. In fact, the term “blueprint” originated from the cyanotype process.
The Materials and Process
To create a cyanotype print, you will need a few materials: a light-sensitive solution, a surface to coat, and a source of ultraviolet light. The light-sensitive solution is typically a mixture of ammonium iron(III) citrate and potassium ferricyanide, which can be purchased as pre-mixed chemicals or mixed from scratch. The surface can be any material that can absorb the solution, such as paper, fabric, or even glass.
Once you have your materials ready, the process is relatively simple. First, mix the chemicals to create the light-sensitive solution. Then, coat your chosen surface with the solution using a brush or by submerging it in a tray. Make sure the surface is evenly coated, and then let it dry in a dark place. Once dry, you can place objects or negatives on top of the coated surface and expose it to ultraviolet light.
The Exposure and Development
The exposure time can vary depending on the intensity of the light source and the desired result. It can range from a few minutes to several hours. During the exposure, the light-sensitive solution reacts to the ultraviolet light and starts to darken. After the desired exposure time, the print is removed from the light source and washed in water to stop the chemical reaction. The unexposed areas will wash away, leaving behind a blue image.
Experimenting with Cyanotype
One of the fascinating aspects of cyanotype is its versatility and potential for experimentation. Artists and photographers have explored various techniques to create unique and captivating images. Some artists have experimented with different surfaces, such as wood or metal, to create cyanotype prints with a textured effect. Others have incorporated additional chemicals or toners to alter the color or tone of the final print.
Preserving Cyanotype Prints
Cyanotype prints are known for their stability and longevity. When properly processed and stored, they can last for hundreds of years without significant fading or deterioration. However, it is essential to handle cyanotype prints with care to avoid scratching or damaging the delicate surface. It is also recommended to display them away from direct sunlight to prevent excessive fading over time.
The Contemporary Use of Cyanotype
While cyanotype was initially used for technical and scientific purposes, it has found a place in contemporary art and photography. Many artists and photographers continue to explore the unique qualities of cyanotype and incorporate it into their creative practice. Cyanotype prints are often admired for their dreamlike quality, the rich blue tones, and the sense of nostalgia they evoke.
Conclusion
Cyanotype is a fascinating photographic printing process that offers endless creative possibilities. Its distinctive blue hue and the simplicity of the process make it a favorite among artists and photographers alike. Whether you are a seasoned professional or a beginner, experimenting with cyanotype can be a rewarding and enjoyable experience. So why not give it a try and see where your creativity takes you?